Using a portable generator should never be dangerous, but without the appropriate safety precautions, it can be. Following portable generator safety tips is crucial to avoid any mishaps. According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, about 70 people die each year as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning from portable generators. But with some simple guidance and adherence to safety procedures, you can safely use a generator and avoid the inherent risks.
Understanding Generator Basics
Before you operate a generator, it is essential to understand its basic components and functionality. A generator transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy, which provides power when your regular power source—usually the local power grid—is unavailable. While the specifics vary between generator models, many have similar parts such as a motor for producing mechanical energy, an alternator for converting this energy to electricity, and outlets for transferring this power to your appliances.
Proper Generator Installation
Installing a generator properly is fundamental for its safe use. Always place your portable generator on a flat surface to prevent fuel leaks. Since generators produce harmful gases including carbon monoxide, it is essential to locate them outside at least 20 feet away from windows, doors, and vent openings. The unit should have a canopy for protection against wet weather. You should not place a portable generator inside a building or garage—even if the doors and windows are open.
Equipment Grounding
Most home-use portable generators do not need additional grounding since they come with their grounding system embedded in the supplied power cord set. However, if your generator calls for extra grounding or if you want an added level of safety, firmly connect an approved grounding rod into the ground and attach it via wire to the frame of your generator.
Fuel Handling
Proper fuel handling is key to avoiding generator-related accidents. Store fuel for the generator in an approved safety can away from any fuel-burning appliance. Use the type of fuel recommended by the generator manufacturer. Do not overfill the generator, as fuel might spill and create a fire hazard or damage the unit.
Secure Ventilation
Securing adequate ventilation for your generator is critical in reducing the potential risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. As mentioned, place the generator outside where it can easily ventilate. Avoid placing the generator in places like a garage, basement, or near any enclosed or partially enclosed structures. Use a battery-operated or battery backup CO detector in your home.
Maintaining Your Generator
Your generator requires regular maintenance to promote its safe operation and longevity. Checked regularly for possible leaks or malfunctions and keep it clean from oil and dust. Servicing your generator according to your manufacturer instructions ensures you do not encounter unexpected mechanical failures that could pose a risk.
Electrical Load Calculations
It is essential to never overload your generator. Understand your power requirements before using one. All electrical appliances have a specific power rating indicated in watts. By adding up these ratings for all the devices you need to power, you can estimate the total power output your generator needs to supply.
Avoid Back-Feeding
Avoid connecting your generator directly to your house wiring without installing a proper transfer switch as it might cause back-feeding—where power flows backward into power lines potentially hurting utility workers or neighbors. A transfer switch helps prevent this hazard and allow safe switching of panels from utility power to generator power.
Preventing Fire Hazards
The two primary fire hazards when using a generator are fuel and generator heat. To prevent fires, never refuel the generator while it is running or hot, let it cool down first. Prevent overheating by placing your generator in a well-ventilated area and never covering it while it is operating.
Protecting Against Electrocution
To protect against electrocution, never touch your generator with wet hands or plug it into a wet outlet. Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) to help reduce the risk of electric shock. If you are setting up your generator in wet conditions, operate it under an open, canopy-like structure on a dry surface where water cannot reach it.
Secure Storage
When not in use, storing your generator securely can prevent unauthorized access as well as exposure to harmful elements that may deteriorate its condition. When storing for longer periods, drain the fuel completely or add a fuel stabilizer to prevent deposits build up.
Sound Safety Measures
A running generator can produce harmful noise levels. Prolonged exposure might lead to hearing damage. Always consider your proximity to the unit while in operation and make use of protective wear such as ear plugs if necessary.
No Substitute for Vigilance
Lastly and most importantly: there is no substitute for vigilance. Always be mindful of your generator during operation. Regularly check for any irregular situations such as unusual sounds, smoke, or vibrations, and switch off the unit immediately if any abnormalities are detected.
Safety First
Safety is paramount when using home generators. Along with understanding how to operate one properly, careful attention must also be paid to installation and maintenance procedures, as well as sound safety measures and fire prevention strategies. With diligence and care, the risk of mishaps can be minimized, promoting a safe environment for you and your family.
