Forensic evidence plays a crucial role in criminal defense cases, as it can influence both the prosecution and defense’s strategies. It can be used to help establish facts, reconstruct crime scenes, and oftentimes is the key to exonerating a defendant or confirming guilt. There are several different types of forensic evidence that may be used, each offering different insights into the details of the crime. In this article, we will discuss the various types of forensic evidence that may be used in a criminal defense case.
DNA Evidence
DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains our biological and genetic information and it can be one of the most valuable and widely used types of forensic evidence. Every individual, apart from twins, has unique DNA that differentiates them, and it can be used to match biological samples, such as skin cells, blood, or saliva, found at the crime to a specific person. Although DNA can be extremely valuable in criminal cases, there is also potential for the samples to be improperly handled or contaminated, opening the door to wrongful accusations or defenses.
Fingerprint Evidence
Fingerprint analysis can also be used in criminal defense cases to reveal individuals who may have been present at the scene of the crime. Since every individual has a unique fingerprint, this type of evidence can be invaluable in placing someone at the scene of the crime. However, if the fingerprints found at the scene are incomplete or smudged, this can lead to misidentifications. Therefore, criminal defense attorneys may challenge the reliability and validity of fingerprints in their arguments, especially if it is not supported by additional evidence.
Ballistics Evidence
When a crime involves the use of firearms, ballistics evidence becomes crucial. Ballistics is the study of the mechanics of firearms, ammunition, and the trajectory of bullets. Forensic experts can analyze bullets, casing, and the gun used to determine important details such as the type of firearm used and the angle from which it was shot. Conditions such as deformed or fragmented bullets, however, can impact the reliability of ballistics evidence.
Bloodstain Patterns
If there is blood at the scene of the crime, the patterns of the bloodstains left behind can also be used to determine what happened at the crime scene. Experts will examine key details such as the size, shape, distribution, and location of blood stains to help determine what weapon may have been used, the direction of force used, and more.
Digital Evidence
Digital evidence has also become an essential element of many criminal defense cases, especially given the pervasiveness of technology nowadays. Evidence may come from smartphones, computers, GPS systems, and social media accounts and is used to help establish important details such as timelines, and the whereabouts of the defendant at the alleged time of the crime. One flaw with digital evidence, however, is that it can be manipulated, deleted, or taken out of context. As a result, digital evidence, along with all of the aforementioned types of forensic evidence, must not be relied upon alone and should be used in conjunction with other types of compelling evidence.
